A major threat to the Mughal imperial power was came from Hindu state and known as Maratha confederacy much dominated of India in middle of 18 th century. From the early 16 th century, the European powers as Netherlands , Portugal , United Kingdom and France established trading posts later took advantage of some internal conflicts to the established colonies in century.

Most of country was under control of British East India Company by the year 1856, after one year, nationwide insurrection of military units known as first independence war of India or Sepoy Mutiny.

Jawarhar lal Nehru would go on to be first prime minister of India in year 1947, then in 20 th century nationwide struggle for the independence was also launched by Indian National Congress as well as political organizations.

Gandhi led some millions of people in the national campaigns of civil disobedience. Later, in 1947 on 15 th of August India got independence from the British rule. Since its independence country has faced some challenges of casteism naxalism, violence, regional separatist insurgencies and terrorism. India is founding member of United Nations now having nuclear power.